Ergonomic Risks and Prevention of MSDs in Dental Students: Review and Intervention Proposals

Abstract

Introduction:
Ergonomics is the science that seeks to balance work and its tools with the physical and psychological needs of humans, promoting well-being and health. Dentistry is a highly demanding healthcare field, as most clinical tasks are performed in a restricted space, requiring significant physical and mental effort to achieve optimal results. In this context, dental students are taught ergonomic principles, which they must apply practically through clinical workshops where the learned standards are put into practice.

Methodology:
A literature review was conducted covering the last ten years on strategies for preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in dental students. MeSH terms were used to search databases such as Scielo, Hinari, and Google Scholar. Articles were analyzed in two stages: In the initial search stage, a total of 121 articles were found; however, during the review phase, duplicates were identified and removed, resulting in 77 articles. After applying selection criteria, the second review stage yielded 16 articles, which were read in detail.

Results:
The results of this scoping review are presented according to the objective of addressing preventive measures that can be implemented for dental students to reduce the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders.

Conclusions:
It is concluded that ergonomics education should begin in the first year of dental school. Factors such as clinic design, dental chair positioning, instrument shape, and lighting are crucial in preventing forced postures and repetitive movements that may lead to musculoskeletal disorders.