The persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.

Abstract

This essay analyzes the phenomenon of Christian persecution in the Roman Empire from the first century to the Edict of Milan in 313 A.D., evaluating its causes, historical development, and consequences for the early Church. Using a historical-critical approach, it examines the cultural, political, and religious factors that motivated Roman hostility, including the Christian rejection of the imperial cult and their monotheistic exclusivism. The text also presents key figures, both persecutors and martyrs, highlighting the role of suffering in shaping Christian identity. Additionally, it analyzes the impact of persecutions on the development of the biblical canon and apologetic theology. Finally, it offers a critical evaluation showing how, paradoxically, persecution strengthened the faith, unity, and expansion of Christianity, providing relevant lessons for the contemporary Church regarding faithfulness, endurance, and commitment to truth.